Difficult seal applications come from all industries and sectors of the economy.
While far-reaching operating conditions certainly consume their fair share of engineering hours, often one constraint also probes the boundaries of sealing technology and design ingenuity: limited hardware space.
The Client’s Issue
Our partners at Eclipse were approached by a customer using a pneumatically actuated cylinder to dispense a chemical in a production process. The piston was drawn back in the cylinder thus filling it with the chemical product. The piston was then pushed forward to dispense the chemical out of a nozzle.
Operating Conditions:
- Reciprocating Piston Seal
- Bore Diameter: Ø1.500”
- Stroke Length: 18”
- Pressure: 30 psi
- Cycle Rate: 2 per minute
- Room Temperature
- Media: Chemical Agent
The current sealing configuration was a simple O-Ring in a groove on the piston. While this sealing solution proved to work fine in their preliminary prototype testing, the demands of full production exposed weaknesses in the design.
With healthy demand for the end-product, duty-cycles, and run-rates far exceeded initial expectations. The O-Ring was wearing out quickly requiring costly down-time to disassemble the machine for replacement.
Worse yet, scoring of the cylinder bore was found after extended hours of running. Without any bearings, the piston was making occasional contact with the cylinder wall over the course of the relatively long stroke. Continued damage in this way would result in the cylinder needing to be replaced. This is a much more costly and time-consuming procedure.
At first glance, this might seem like an easy application for an Eclipse Seal Ring and Wear Ring. While this combination is exactly what the application needs, there was one detail that greatly complicated the matter.
The volume of the cylinder had been carefully calculated and specified. This was done to precisely control the amount of chemical that was drawn into the cylinder and thusly dispensed out. Changing the piston dimensions in any way would alter the volume of the cylinder and therefore change the volume of the chemical.
In order to incorporate a Piston Seal Ring and Wear Ring, our our partners at Eclipse would need more axial room than the current piston allowed. Making changes to the cylinder bore and stroke length to account for decreased volume from a longer piston wasn’t possible.
The scant was 0.500” axial length to work with, and this was non-negotiable.
The Solution for Limited Hardware Space
A Piston Seal Ring would be the proper solution to the seal life problem. Having a PTFE interface on the dynamic surface would provide far better wear life compared to the lone O-Ring. Friction would also be reduced up to one-tenth of the O-Ring, allowing for more even and precise control of the dispensing rate.
But resolving the sealing issue would only be half a solution. The guidance problem of the piston would also need to be addressed. With only half an inch to work with, there would not be enough room for both an effective seal and wear ring/bearing in two separate grooves.
In order to fully utilize the space available, our partners at Eclipse chose to combine the seal ring and wear ring into one unit, housed in the same groove. The center of the ring would be acting as the energized sealing portion activated by an O-Ring underneath. This segment of the seal cross-section would be thinned out to both control O-Ring squeeze and energy transfer.
The edges of the seal ring would be thicker and supported by portions of the groove in the hardware. These sections would act as the bearing surfaces. The stepped-down groove in the hardware would accomplish the desired tasks of both containing the O-Ring and acting as bearing surfaces.
ET014: Polyimide filled PTFE was chosen for the seal/bearing material because it will provide good wear life while being relatively non-abrasive to the customer’s unhardened cylinder bore.
How It Performed
The Seal-Bearing combination proved to be just what the customer was looking for. Wear-life and piston movement consistency were both greatly improved. Unexpected pauses in production to replace the O-Ring were virtually eliminated. Seal replacement could now be performed on a schedule that was at a much greater interval than ever before.
The bearing portion of the seal also proved to do its job. With proper guidance of the piston, metal to metal contact would no longer be an issue. The customer could safely run the machine at full production levels without fear of damaging the cylinder bore and incurring costly downtime.
This was all done with only a minor modification to the customer’s current piston design that they easily incorporated. Without any major changes to the design, the machine functioned properly as intended for long extended runs.
The original article was written by Cliff Goldstein at Eclipse Engineering and can be found here.
For more information about solutions in limited space, or any other engineering application, contact Gallagher Fluid Seals.